Surface treatments on CAD/CAM glass-ceramics: Influence on roughness, topography, and bond strength.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influence of surface treatment on roughness (SA), topography, and shear bond strength (SBS) of computer-aided designer and manufacture (CAD/CAM) zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate (ZLS) and feldspathic (FEL) glass-ceramics. MATERIALS AND METHODS: FEL and ZLS specimens were submitted to 5% or 10% hydrofluoric acid (HF) or self-etching ceramic primer (MEP) and different application times (20, 40, and 60 s), or to sandblasting (Control, 20 s). Resin cement cylinders were bonded to the specimens and tested in shear (n = 10) after 24 h and 16-months of water storage. SA and topography were evaluated by atomic force (AFM, n = 10) and scanning electron microscopy. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Bonferroni test (α = 0.05). RESULTS: Sandblasting promoted the highest SA for ZLS, but 10% HF (40, 60 s) promoted higher SBS at 16 months. 10% HF produced the highest SA for FEL, but sandblasting and 5% HF (20 s) maintained SBS after 16 months, without differences from 10% HF (20 s) (p > 0.05). Overall, MEP produced lower SA and SBS among groups (p < 0.05). HF displayed greater morphological changes on FEL. CONCLUSION: 10% HF (40 s) provided better results for ZLS, while 5% or 10% HF (20 s) was suitable for FEL. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Surface treatments influenced SA, topography, and SBS of materials. HF etching is the surface treatment of choice for both CAD/CAM glass-ceramics.

Adhesion, Mechanical Properties, and Microstructure of Resin-matrix CAD-CAM Ceramics.

PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of 1-year water storage and surface treatments on shear bond strength (SBS) of two composite cements bonded to resin matrix CAD-CAM ceramics (RMCs) and on the mechanical properties of RMCs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three types of RMCs were tested: 1. polymer-infiltrated hybrid ceramic (PIHC, Enamic, VITA Zahnfabrik); 2. resin nanoceramic (RNC, Lava Ultimate, 3M Oral Care); and 3. flexible hybrid ceramic (FHC, Cerasmart, GC). One indirect laboratory composite (ILC, Epricord, Kuraray Noritake) was used as control. For each material, 60 plates (14 x 7 x 1 mm) were prepared for the SBS test and submitted to three different surface treatments: following manufacturer's instructions, non-thermal atmospheric plasma application (30 s), and plasma + bonding agent. Two composite cements were tested: RelyX Ultimate (3M Oral Care) and Panavia V5 (Kurarary Noritake). Two resin cylinders (1.5 mm diameter x 1.5 mm height) were bonded to each plate (n = 10), with one tested after 24-h storage in distilled water and the other after 1 year of storage in distilled water. Twenty rectangular bars (12 x 2 x 1 mm) of each indirect material were prepared and submitted to the 3-point flexural test after 24-h or 1-year water storage to determine the elastic modulus (EM) and flexural strength (FS) (n = 10). Fractured samples were also examined with SEM and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS). SBS data were analyzed by four-way ANOVA, and EM and FS data by two-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey's post-hoc test (α = 0.05). RESULTS: Groups treated in accordance with manufacturer's instructions exhibited higher SBS than did plasma and plasma + bonding agent groups for all indirect materials, composite cements, and storage periods tested. In general, RelyX Ultimate displayed higher mean SBS than did Panavia V5, except for some groups of ILC where manufacturer's instructions were followed. After 1-year storage in water, all groups exhibited a significant reduction in SBS, except for some groups that following manufacturer's instructions. ILC showed the lowest values of EM and FS. Among the CAD-CAM materials, FHC exhibited the lowest EM and highest FS means, while PIHC possessed the highest EM and lowest FS means for both storage periods. CONCLUSIONS: In general, following the respective manufacturer's instructions yielded the best bond strength results. For most materials, 1-year water storage decreased bond strength of composite cements to RMCs, as well as their FS, while increasing their EM. Microstructure and composition influenced the mechanical properties studied.

Efeito da aplicação de plasma não-térmico atmosférico no reparo de cerâmicas CAD/CAM de matriz resinosa com resina composta / Effect of non-thermal atmospheric plasma application on the resin composite repair of resin matrix CAD/CAM ceramics

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do plasma atmosférico não-térmico (PANT), sozinho ou associado ao jateamento ou adesivo, e do tempo de armazenamento em água na resistência de união por cisalhamento (RUC) do reparo de cerâmicas CAD/CAM de matriz resinosa (CMR) com resina composta. Amostras de 14x7x1mm de três CMRs, Enamic (VITA Zahnfabrik), Cerasmart (GC Corp.) e Lava Ultimate (3M Oral Care), foram obtidas e submetidas ao envelhecimento artificial (EQ-UV, Equilam) por 300 horas. Os seguintes tratamentos de superfície foram realizados: (1- Controle) jateamento + silano + adesivo; (2) PANT; (3) PANT + adesivo; (4) jateamento + PANT. Cilindros de resina composta (Spectra Smart, Dentsply Sirona, 1,5 mm diâmetro e altura) foram aderidos às superfícies tratadas e a RUC foi avaliada em uma máquina de ensaio universal (EZ Test, Shimadzu) após 24 horas ou 1 ano de imersão em água, a 37oC (n=10). No geral, o tratamento controle obteve os melhores resultados de RUC, comparado aos grupos tratados com PANT. Houve redução da RUC após 1 ano de imersão em água para a maioria dos grupos, entre eles para o controle do Enamic e Lava Ultimate, enquanto Cerasmart não mostrou redução. O tratamento com PANT, sozinho ou associado a outro tratamento, não foi capaz de aumentar a RUC do reparo das CMRs com resina composta. O tratamento controle parece ser o melhor método de reparo das CMRs, principalmente considerando-se a longevidade do tratamento.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of nonthermal atmospheric plasma (NTAP), alone or combined with sandblasting or adhesive, and water-storage time on the shear bond strength (SBS) of resin composite repair of resin matrix ceramics (RMC). Samples (14x7x1mm) of three RMCs, Enamic (VITA Zahnfabrik), Cerasmart (GC Corp.), and Lava Ultimate (3M Oral Care), were prepared and submitted to artificial aging (EQ-UV, Equilam) for 300 h. The following surface treatments were performed: (1- Control) sandblasting + silane + adhesive; (2) NTAP; (3) NTAP + adhesive; (4) sandblasting + NTAP. Resin composite cylinders (Spectra Smart, Dentsply Sirona, 1,5 mm diameter and height) were bonded to the treated surfaces and the SBS was evaluated in a universal testing machine (EZ Test, Shimadzu) after 24 h or 1 year of water storage, at 37oC (n=10). In general, the control treatment obtained the best SBS results, compared to groups treated with NTAP. There was a decrease in SBS after 1 year of water immersion for most groups, including the control treatment for Enamic and Lava Ultimate, while Cerasmart presented no reduction. The treatment with NTAP alone or combined with another treatment, was not capable of increasing the SBS of resin composite repair to RMCs. Control treatment seems to be the best method for repairing CMRs, mainly considering the treatment longevity.

Rehabilitación estética del incisivo superior mediante un abutment de zirconia personalizado: informe de un caso / Esthetic rehabilitation of maxillary incisors with a customized zirconia abutment: report of a case

Objetivo: presentar un caso de rehabilitación con implante único en el maxilar anterior con un abutment de zirconia personalizado y mostrar que la elección de este material constituye una opción para conseguir la armonía de la sonrisa. Caso clínico: un paciente de sexo masculino, de 28 años de edad, consultó en busca de una alternativa para llenar la ausencia de la pieza 11, dado que la prótesis que llevaba era estéticamente insatisfactoria. El abutment fue confeccionado en el centro de mecanizado Cubo (San Pablo, Brasil). El índice del abutment synOcta (Straumann Brasil, San Pablo, Brasil) fue escaneado con el programa Dental Wings Client v.2.0.1 (Henry Schein Company, Melville, NY, Estados Unidos). La corona y la carilla libre de metal de disilicato de litio, le otorgaron armonía, forma, color, textura superficial y translucidez incisal, respecto a la pieza dentaria contralateral. Conclusión: los abutments de zirconia constituyen una alternativa útil en los casos que requieren estética, pues proporcionan un color satisfactorio y acorde a la sonrisa, además de una mayor resistencia a la fractura, lo cual elimina la necesidad del empleo de metal.

Rehabilitación estética del incisivo superior mediante un abutment de zirconia personalizado: informe de un caso / Esthetic rehabilitation of maxillary incisors with a customized zirconia abutment: report of a case

Objetivo: presentar un caso de rehabilitación con implante único en el maxilar anterior con un abutment de zirconia personalizado y mostrar que la elección de este material constituye una opción para conseguir la armonía de la sonrisa. Caso clínico: un paciente de sexo masculino, de 28 años de edad, consultó en busca de una alternativa para llenar la ausencia de la pieza 11, dado que la prótesis que llevaba era estéticamente insatisfactoria. El abutment fue confeccionado en el centro de mecanizado Cubo (San Pablo, Brasil). El índice del abutment synOcta (Straumann Brasil, San Pablo, Brasil) fue escaneado con el programa Dental Wings Client v.2.0.1 (Henry Schein Company, Melville, NY, Estados Unidos). La corona y la carilla libre de metal de disilicato de litio, le otorgaron armonía, forma, color, textura superficial y translucidez incisal, respecto a la pieza dentaria contralateral. Conclusión: los abutments de zirconia constituyen una alternativa útil en los casos que requieren estética, pues proporcionan un color satisfactorio y acorde a la sonrisa, además de una mayor resistencia a la fractura, lo cual elimina la necesidad del empleo de metal.(AU)

Utilizacão do índice estético de Belser na reabilitação estética de implante anterior caso clínico / Belser's esthetic index use in the esthetic rehabilitation ot single implant crown - case report

O objetivo foi relatar um caso clínico de reabilitação com implante unitário na maxila anterior, utilizando os índices de estética branca e vermelha de Belser. No início do tratamento, o escore total dos índices foi de 7, sendo 1 estética branca e vermelha 6, demonstrando que o caso apresentava estética insatisfatória. Após a reabilitação, o escore final foi de 16, melhorando significativamente os critérios da estética branca (9) e vermelha (7). Foi concluído que o uso desse índice no diagnóstico, planejamento, execução e avaliação final do resultado é eficaz para a obtenção de um resultado estético satisfatório.

The aim of this work was report a clinical case of single implant crown in the anterior maxilla, using Belser's esthetic index in the criteria White Esthetic Score (WES) and Pink Esthetic Score (PES). Before the treatment, the global score was 7 (WES-1, PES-61, meaning an unsatisfactory esthetic outcome. After the treatment, the final global score was 16 improving significantly the WES (9) and the PES (7). It was concluded that the use of Belser's esthetic index in the diagnostic, treatment plan and procedures, and final evaluation is helpful to obtain a satisfactory aesthetic outcome.